Differentiation of bee pollen samples according to the apiary of origin and harvesting period based on their amino acid content

Bee pollen is currently one of the most widely consumed dietary supplements due to its high nutritional value and potentially beneficial effects on health. Unfortunately, in recent years an increase fraudulent marketing this product has been detected, mainly terms adulteration with from other sources. This made it necessary seek new tools ensure authentication. Therefore, study investigates use free amino acids as markers geographical origin harvesting period bee pollen. To demonstrate their potential biomarkers, 72 samples four apiaries (Pistacho, Tío Natalio, Monte Fuentelahiguera), located same area (Marchamalo, Guadalajara, Spain), were analyzed by liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection, data obtained undergoing canonical discriminant analysis. Variable amounts numbers found analyzed; proline predominated all them, a concentration range 298–569989 mg/kg. The differences observed acid composition could be attributed flowering plants which originated. In addition, was possible statistically assign over 75% corresponding apiary origin, best results being for Fuentelahiguera Natalio (100%); classification even superior case periods, more than 90% correctly assigned, (June) 100% rate obtained.